Literature Study: Implementation of an Adaptive Curriculum for Students with Special Needs in Inclusive Schools

Ana Rafikayati; Reza Akbar Fauzan; Eryana Fatimasari Retno Budiati; Budiyanto Budiyanto; Endang Pudjiastuti Sartinah

doi:10.51276/edu.v7i3.1143

Authors

Ana Rafikayati Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Reza Akbar Fauzan Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Eryana Fatimasari Retno Budiati Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Budiyanto Budiyanto Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Endang Pudjiastuti Sartinah Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v7i3.1143

Keywords:

Adaptive Curriculum , Inclusive School , Student with Special Needs

Abstract

This study reviews how adaptive curricula are implemented for students with special needs in inclusive schools and identifies dominant strategies, challenges, and enabling factors. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study screened 100 publications from Google Scholar, selected 40 for abstract and title relevance, and analyzed 20 articles published between 2020 and 2025. The synthesis shows that inclusive schools generally still rely on the national curriculum, while adaptation is carried out through accommodation and modification strategies such as escalation, duplication, substitution, and omission. Effective implementation depends on teacher competence, school leadership, parental involvement, and available resources. However, limited training, inadequate infrastructure, and weak cross-stakeholder coordination remain persistent barriers. The findings suggest that an adaptive curriculum is not merely a technical adjustment but a central mechanism for ensuring equitable participation and meaningful learning outcomes for students with special needs in inclusive settings. This review offers practical implications for teachers, school leaders, and policymakers in strengthening inclusive education.

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Author Biographies

Ana Rafikayati, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

She was born in Bojonegoro on December 16, 1988. She earned Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Special Education from Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA) and has served as a lecturer at Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya since 2015, focusing on inclusive education and adaptive learning media.

Reza Akbar Fauzan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

He was born in Surabaya on June 15, 1998. He earned Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Special Education from Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA) and is currently pursuing doctoral studies in Inclusive Education while serving as a lecturer, with research interests in assistive technology and adaptive learning.

Eryana Fatimasari Retno Budiati, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

She was born in Surakarta on January 15, 1994. She earned Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Special Education from Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA) and is currently pursuing doctoral studies in Inclusive Education, with research interests in inclusive education, adaptive learning, and deaf education.

Budiyanto Budiyanto, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

He was born in Sleman on October 19, 1956. He is a Full Professor of Special Education whose research focuses on inclusive education and disability-support technology, and he has contributed to the development of national policies on special education and inclusive higher education services.

Endang Pudjiastuti Sartinah, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

She was born in Surakarta on October 30, 1959. She is a Professor and lecturer in Special Education at Universitas Negeri Surabaya, with academic interests in inclusive education and guidance for children with special needs, and actively contributes to professional and academic organizations.

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